Today is celebrated the Navigation Day, and to commemorate this date, we will tell some of its history and development.
History
Even before Christ came into the world, man was already very skilled in developing new techniques in creating instruments to situate himself during the displacement from one point to another.
The absence of points of reference and the numerous risks involved in maritime navigation led several civilizations, separated in time and space, to develop various techniques suited to their vessels and their areas.
Navigation Techniques
Throughout this period, river travel techniques were developed based on the stars, mainly the Sun.
At the time of the Crusades, with the introduction of the compass in the Mediterranean – unknown by the Arabs of that time and of the Low Middle Ages – navigators could now make larger crossings, without the need to resort to the help of points on land, by following a constant direction (course) obtained from the compass, and from some constellations that they already knew and that were on cities that were called by themselves, identified by their sages.
With the arrival of the 20th century, a new science that revolutionizes techniques and systems begins, the Electronics. In 1912 the first navigation radio equipment appeared and developed rapidly, and with World War II came RADAR -Radio Detection And Ranging.
Nowadays, the GPS (Global Positioning System, Satellite Navigation System with a precision of 1 meter for military use and 15 meters for civilian use) is the most modern and reliable system used in the world.
Types of Navigation
Long course
Which is an international shipping, that is, the transport of cargo between ports of different countries.
Cabotage
Which is a way of sailing within your own country, and means the transportation of cargo between national seaports, or between national seaports and inland ports located on rivers.
Restricted Water Navigation
It is the type of navigation that is practiced in ports, bars, rivers, canals. We are less than 3 miles from the coast and the necessary rigor is as much as possible to ensure safety.
Coastal Navigation
When we are between 30 and 3 miles from the coast. In such areas it is likely that there are low, currents and other dangers, which implies knowing the position accurately. Points should be marked frequently, if possible every 15 minutes.
Ocean Navigation
When we are more than 30 miles from the coast (an error up to 5 miles is acceptable).
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